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| Risk Studies |
| Andrievsky, G., Klochkov, V., Derevyanchenko, L. (July 2005). Is the C 60 Fullerene Molecule Toxic?! Fullerenes, Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures, 13(4): 363-376. |
| Baierl, T., Drosselmeyer, E., Seidel, A., & Hippeli, S. (1996). Comparison of immunological effects of Fullerene C60 and raw soot from fullerene production and alveolar macrophages and macrophage like cells in vitro. Experimental Toxicology and Pathology, 48, 508-511. |
| Bernstein, R., Prat, F., & Foote, C. (1999). On the mechanism of DNA cleavage by fullerenes investigated in model systems: Electron transfer guanosine and 8-oxo-guanosine derivatives to C60. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 121, 464-465. |
| Bosi, S., Feruglio, L., Da Ros, T., Spalluto, G., Gregoretti, B., Terdoslavich, M., Decorti, G,,Passamonti, S., Moro, S. & Prato, M. (2004). Hemolytic effects of water-soluble fullerene derivatives. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 47: 6711-6715. |
| Chen, H. H. C., Yu, C., Ueng, T. H., Liang, C. T., Chenc, B. J., Hong, C.C., & Chiang, Y. (1997). Renal effects of water-soluble polyarylsulfonated C60 in rats with an acute toxicity study. Fullerene Science and Technology, 5(7): 1387-1396. |
| Chen, H. H., Yu, C., Ueng, T. H., Chen, S., Chen, B. J., Huang, K. J., & Chiang, L. Y. (1998). Acute and subacute toxicity study of water-soluble polyalkylsulfonated C60 in rats. Toxicologic Pathology, 26, 143-151. |
| Deguchi, S; Yamazaki, T; Mukai, S; Usami, R; Horikoshi, K. (June 2007). Stabilization of C-60 nanoparticles by protein adsorption and its implications for toxicity studies. Chemical Research In Toxicology, 20 (6): 854-858. Abstract. |
| Dhawan, A., Taurozzi, J.S, Pandey, A.K., Shan, W., Miller, S.M, Hashsham, S.A., and Tarabara, V.V. (September 2006). Stable Colloidal Dispersions of C60 Fullerenes in Water: Evidence for Genotoxicity. Environmental Science and Technology, 40 (23), 7394 -7401. Abstract. |
| - NEW - Duncan, L.K., Jinschek, J.R., and Vikesland, P.J. (2008). C60 Colloid Formation in Aqueous Systems: Effects of Preparation Method on Size, Structure, and Surface Charge. Environ. Sci. Technol.,42 (1): 173–178. Article |
| Fang, J., Lyon, D.Y., et al. (April 2007). Effect of a Fullerene Water Suspension on Bacterial Phospholipids and Membrane Phase Behavior. Environ. Sci. Technol. , 41(7): 2636-2642. Abstract. |
| Fiorito, S., Serafino, A., Andreola, F., Togna, A., Bernier, P. (2006). Effects of fullerenes and single-wall carbon nanotubes on murine and human macrophages. Carbon, 44: 1100–1105 |
| Fiorito, S., Serafino, A., Andreola, F., Togna, A., Tongna, G. (2006). Toxicity and biocompatibility of carbon nanoparticles. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 6(3): 591-599. |
| Foley, S., Curtis, A.D.M, Hirsch, A., Brettreich, M., Pelegrin, A., Seta, P., Larroque, C. (2002). Interaction of a water soluble fullerene derivative with reactive oxygen species and model enzymatic systems. Fullerenes, Nanoteubes, Carbon Nanostructures, 10: 49-67. |
| Foley, S., Crowley, C., Smaihi, J., Bonfils, C., Eflanger, B. F., Seta, P., & Larroque, C. (2002). Cellular localization of a water-soluble fullerene derivative. Biochemical Biophysical Research Communications, 294, 116-119. |
| Foote, C. S., Diederich, F. N., Whetten, R., & Wudl, F. (1991). Buckminsterfullerene. Chemical and Engineering News, (Dec. 17), p. 2. |
| Hamilton Jr, R.F., Buford, M.C., Wood, M.B. et al. (June 2007). Engineered carbon nanoparticles alter macrophage immune function and initiate airway hyper-responsiveness in the BALB/c mouse model. Nanotoxicology, 1(2): 104-117. Article |
| - NEW - Handy, RD; Owen, R; Valsami-Jones, E. (July 2008). The ecotoxicology of nanoparticles and nanomaterials: current status, knowledge gaps, challenges, and future needs. Ecotoxicology, 17(5): 315-447. Abstract |
| Henry, T.B., Menn, F.M., Fleming, J.T. et al. (June 2007). Attributing effects of aqueous C-60 nano-aggregates to tetrahydrofuran decomposition products in larval zebrafish by assessment of gene expression. Environmental Health Perspectives, 115(7): 1059-1065. Abstract |
| Huczko, A., & Lange, H. (1999). Fullerenes: experimental evidence for a null risk of skin irritation and allergy. Fullerene Science & Technology, 7: 935-939. |
| - NEW - Isaacson, CW; Usenko, CY. et al. (December 2007). Quantification of fullerenes by LC/ESI-MS and its application to in vivo toxicity assays. Analytical chemistry, 79 (23): 9091-9097. Abstract |
| Isakovic, A., Markovic, Z., Todorovic-Markovic, T., Nikolic, N., Vranjes-Djuric, S., Mirkovic, M., Dramicanin, M., Harhaji, L., Raicevic, N., Nikolic, Z., & Trajkovic, V. (2006). Distinct cytotoxic mechanisms of pristine versus hydroxylated fullerene. Toxicological Sciences Online, Abstract or Doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfj127. |
| Kamat, J.P., Devasagayam, T.P.A., Priyadarsini, K.I., Mohan, H. (2000). Reactive oxygen species mediated membrane damage induced by fullerene derivatives and its possible biological implications. Toxicology, 155: 55-61. |
| Kamat, J.P., Devasagayam, T.P.A., Mohan, H., Chiang, L.Y., Mitall, J.P. (1998) Effect of C-60(OH)(18) on membranes of rat liver microsomes during photosensitization. Fullerene Science and Technology, 6: 663-679. |
| Kamat, J. P., Debasagayam, T. P., Priyadarsini, K. I., Mohan, H. & Mittal, J.P. (1998). Oxidative damage induced by the fullerenes C60 on photosensitization in rat liver microscomes. Chem. Biol. Interact. 114, 145-159. |
| - NEW - Kolosnjaj, J., Smarc, H., Moussa, F. (2007). Toxicity studies of fullerenes and derivatives. Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 620: 168-180. |
| Kotelnikova, R. A., Kotelnikova, A. I., Bodganov, G. N., Romanova, V. S., Kuleshova, E. F., Parnes, Z. N., & Volâpin, M. E. (1996). Membranotropic Properties of the water soluble amino acid and peptide derivatives of fullerene C60. FEBS Letters, 389,111-114. |
| - NEW - Levi, N., Hantgan, R.R., Lively, M.O., Carroll, D.L. and Prasad, G.L. (December 2006). C60-Fullerenes: detection of intracellular photoluminescence and lack of cytotoxic effects. Journal of Nanobiotechnology 2006, 4:14. Article |
| Lovern, S.B., Strickler, J.R. and Klaper, R. (June 2007). Behavioral and Physiological Changes in Daphnia magna when Exposed to Nanoparticle Suspensions (Titanium Dioxide, Nano-C60, and C60HxC70Hx). Environ. Sci. Technol., 41(12): 4465-4470 Abstract |
| Lovern, S.B. & Klaper, R. (2006). Daphnia Magna mortality when exposed to titanium dioxide and fullerene (C60) nanoparticles. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 25(4): 1132-1137. Abstract |
| - NEW - Lyon, DY; Brown, DA; Alvarez, PJJ. (2008). Implications and potential applications of bactericidal fullerene water suspensions: effect of nC(60) concentration, exposure conditions and shelf life. Water science and technology, 57 (10): 1533-1538. Abstract |
| Mashino, T., Usui, N., Okuda, K., Hirota, T., & Machizuki, M. (2003). Respiratory chain inhibition by fullerene derivatibes: Hydrogen peroxide production caused by fullerene derivatibes and a respiratory chain system. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 11: 1433-1438. |
| Mori, T., Takada, H. et al. (August 2006). Preclinical studies on safety of fullerene upon acute oral administration and evaluation for no mutagenesis. Toxicology, 225(1): 48-54. |
| Moriguchi, T., Yano, K., Hokari, S., & Sonda, M. (1999). Effect of repeated application of C60 combined with UVA radiation onto hairless mouse back skin. Fullerene Science and Technology, 7(2): 195-209. |
| Moussa, F., Trivin, F., Ceolin, M., Hadchousel, P. Y., Sizaret, V., Greugny, V., Fabre, C., Rassat, A., & Szware, H. (1996). Early effects of C60 administration in Swiss mice: A preliminary account for in vivo C60 toxicity. Fullerene Science and Technology, 4(1): 21-29. |
| Nakajima, N., Nishi, C., Li, F. M., & Ikada, Y. (1996). Photo-induced cytotoxicity of water-soluble fullerene. Fullerene Science & Technology, 4(1): 1-19. |
| Nelson, M. A. Bomann, F. E., Bowden, G. T., Hooser, S. B. & Fernando, Q. (1993). Effects of acute and subchronic exposure of topically applied fullerene extracts on the mouse skin. Toxicology and Industrial Health, 9(4): 623-630. |
| Niwa, Y., Iwai, N. (March 2007). Nanomaterials induce oxidized low-density lipoprotein cellular uptake in macrophages and platelet aggregation. Circulation Journal, 71(3): 437-444. Article |
| - NEW - Nyberg, L; Turco, RF; Nies, L. (March 2008). Assessing the impact of nanomaterials on anaerobic microbial communities. Environmental science & technology, 42(6), 1938-1943. Abstract |
| Oberdörster, E., Zhu, S., Blickley, T.M., McClellan-Green, P., Haasch, M.L. (2006). Ecotoxicology of carbon-based engineered nanoparticles: Effects of fullerene (C60) on aquatic organisms. Carbon, 44: 1112–1120 |
| Oberdorster, E. (2004). Manufactured nanomaterials (fullerenes, C 60) induce oxidative stress in the brain of juvenile largemouth bass. Environmental Health Perspectives, 112(10), 1058-1062. |
| Pickering, K. D. & Wiesner, M .R. (2005). Fullerol-sensitized production of reactive oxygen species in aqueous solution. Environmental Science & Technology, 39, 1359-1365. |
| Radomski, A., Jurasz, P., Alonso-Escalano, D., Drews, J., Morandi, M., Malinski, T., & Radomski, M.W. (2005). Nanoparticle-induced platelet aggregation and vascular thrombosis. British Journal of Pharmacology, 146: 882-893. |
| Randan, F., Rosan, S., Boehm, F., Cantrell, A., Brellreich, M., Schoenberger, H., Hirsch, A. & Moussa, F. (2002). Cytotoxicity and photocytotoxicity of a dendritic C(60) mono-adduct and a malonic acid C(60) tris-adduct on Jurkat cells. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B, 67, 157-162. |
| Sakai, A. Yamakoshi, Y., & Miyata, N. (1999). Visible light irradiation of 60 fullerene causes killing and initiation of transformation in BALB/3T3 cells. Fullerene Science & Technology, 7, 743-756. |
| Sayes, C.M., Marchione, A.A., Reed, K.L., Warheit, D.B. (August 2007). Comparative pulmonary toxicity assessments of C-60 water suspensions in rats: Few differences in fullerene toxicity in vivo in contrast to in vitro profiles. Nano Letters, 7 (8): 2399-2406. Abstract |
| Sayes, C. M., Fortner, J. D., Guo, W., lLyon, D., Boyd, A. M., Ausman, K. D., Tao, Y. J., Sitharaman, B., Wilson, L. J., Hughes, J. B., West, J. L. & Colvin, V. (2004). The differential cytotoxicity of water-soluble fullerenes. Nano Letters, 4(10): 1881-1887. |
| Sayes, C. M., Gobin, A. M., Ausman, K. D., Mendez, J., West, J. L. & Colvin, V. L. (2005). Nano-C60 cytotoxicity is due to lipid peroxidation. Biomaterials, 26, 7587-7595. |
| Schuster,, D.I., Wilson, S.R., & Schinazi, R.F. (1996). Anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity and cytotoxicity of derivatized buckminsterfullerenes. Bioorganiic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 6(11): 1253-1256. |
| Sera, N., Tokiwa, H. & Miyata, N. (1996). Mutagenicity of the fullerene C60-generated singlet oxygen dependent formation of lipid peroxides. Carcinogenesis, 17, 2163-2169. |
| Spurlin, T.A., and Gewirth, A.A. (January 2007). Effect of C60 on Solid Supported Lipid Bilayers. Nano Letters. |
| Terashima, M., Nagao, S. (February 2007). Solubilization of [60]fullerene in water by aquatic humic substances. Chemistry Letters, 36(2): 302-303. Abstract. |
| Tokuyama, H., Yamago, S., Nakamura, E., Shiraki, T. & Sugiura, Y. (1993). Photo-induced biochemical activity of fullerene carboxylic acid. Journal of the American Society, 115, 7918-7919. |
| Tong, Z., Bischoff, M., Nies, L., Applegate, B., and Turco, R.F. (April 2007). Impact of Fullerene (C60) on a Soil Microbial Communit. Environ. Sci. Technol., 41(8): 2985-2991. Abstract. |
| Tsuchiya, T., Oguri, I., Nakajima, Y., Yamakoshi, N., Miyata, N. (1996). Novel harmful effects of [60]fullerene on mouse embryos in vitro and in vivo. FEBS Letters, 393, 139-145. |
| Ueng, T.H., Kang, J. J., Wang, H. W., Cheng, Y. W., Chiang, L. Y. (1997). Suppression of microsomal cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation by fullerenol, a polyhydroxylated fullerene C60. Toxicology Letters, 93(1), 29-37. |
| - NEW - Wong-Ekkabut, J; Baoukina, S; Triampo, W. et al. (June 2008). Computer simulation study of fullerene translocation through lipid membranes. Nature nanotechnology, 3(6): 363-368. Abstract. |
| Yamawaki, H., and Iwai, N. (January 2006). Cytotoxicity of water soluble fullerene in vascular endothelial cells. American Journal of Physiology, 290: 1495 – 1502. Abstract. Article |
| Yamago, S., Tokuyama, H., Nakamura, E., Kikuchi, K., Kananishi, S., Suek, K., Nakahara, H., Enomoto, S., & Ambe, F. (1995). In vivo biological behavior of a water-miscible fullerene: 14C labeling, absorption, distribution, excretion and acute toxicity. Chemistry & Biology, 2, 385-389. |
| Yan, S. L. Fan, C. H., & Zhu, H.S. (2001). Photo-induced cytotoxicity of malonic acid [C60]fullerene derivatives and its mechanism. Toxicology in Vitro, 16: 41-46. |
| Yang, X., Chen, L., Qiao, X., Fan, C. (May 2007). Photo-Induced Damages of Cytoplasmic and Mitochondrial Membranes by a [C60]Fullerene Malonic Acid Derivative, International Journal of Toxicology, 26(3): 197-201. Abstract. |
| Zhao, X., Striolo, A. & Cummings, P.T. (2005). C60 binds to and deforms nucleotides. Biophysical Journal 89: 3856-3862. |
| Zhu, X., Zhu, L., Li, Y., Duan, Z., Chen, W., Alvarez, P.J.J. (May 2007). Developmental toxicity in zebrafish (danio rerio) embryos after exposure to manufactured nanomaterials: buckminsterfullerene aggregates (nC60) and fullerol. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 26(5): 976–979. Abstract. |
